{"id":55891,"date":"2025-07-29T17:10:48","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T09:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/?p=55891"},"modified":"2026-04-21T01:23:58","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T01:23:58","slug":"what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/fr\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/","title":{"rendered":"Quels sont les trois types d'amarrage ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les syst\u00e8mes d'amarrage permettent de maintenir en place les structures flottantes telles que les \u00e9oliennes offshore, les plates-formes p\u00e9troli\u00e8res et les unit\u00e9s de stockage flottantes (FPSO). Ils utilisent des cha\u00eenes, des c\u00e2bles et des ancres pour r\u00e9sister aux vagues, au vent et aux courants. En fonction de la profondeur de l'eau et des mat\u00e9riaux utilis\u00e9s, les ing\u00e9nieurs choisissent diff\u00e9rents types d'amarrage. Dans cet article, nous examinerons les trois syst\u00e8mes d'amarrage les plus courants : <strong>Cat\u00e9naire<\/strong>, <strong>Jambe tendue<\/strong>, et <strong>Tension-Jambes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Qu'est-ce qu'un syst\u00e8me d'amarrage ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un syst\u00e8me d'amarrage relie une plate-forme flottante au fond marin. Il emp\u00eache la plateforme de d\u00e9river et l'aide \u00e0 rester stable dans des conditions de mer difficiles. Selon les normes internationales relatives \u00e0 l'\u00e9olien en mer (comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bsee.gov\/sites\/bsee.gov\/files\/tap-technical-assessment-program\/672aa.pdf\">IEC 61400-3<\/a>), il existe trois principaux types de syst\u00e8mes d'amarrage en fonction de la mani\u00e8re dont ils cr\u00e9ent la force de rappel :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cat\u00e9naire<\/strong>: Utilise le poids de la ligne d'amarrage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jambe tendue<\/strong>: Utilise la tension et l'\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 de la corde.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tension-Jambes (TLP)<\/strong>: Utilise des tendons verticaux sous tension.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mooring-solutions-1-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"mooring\" class=\"wp-image-54843\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mooring-solutions-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mooring-solutions-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mooring-solutions-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mooring-solutions-1-113x75.jpg 113w, https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mooring-solutions-1-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mooring-solutions-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Les trois types de syst\u00e8mes d'amarrage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 Syst\u00e8me d'amarrage cat\u00e9naire<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Comment \u00e7a marche<\/strong>: Ce syst\u00e8me utilise des cha\u00eenes lourdes ou des c\u00e2bles en acier. La cha\u00eene est suspendue dans une courbe et repose sur le fond marin. Son propre poids l'aide \u00e0 r\u00e9sister aux mouvements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pour<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Simple et rentable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facile \u00e0 installer et \u00e0 entretenir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fonctionne bien en eau peu profonde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cons<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u00e9cessite une grande surface au fond de la mer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moins stable dans les eaux plus profondes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les cha\u00eenes peuvent souffrir de fatigue et de corrosion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Meilleur pour<\/strong>: Eaux peu profondes \u00e0 mi-profondes (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement moins de 100 m\u00e8tres). Il est utilis\u00e9 dans des projets tels que le parc \u00e9olien flottant Hywind Tampen en Norv\u00e8ge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 Syst\u00e8me d'amarrage \u00e0 jambe tendue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Comment \u00e7a marche<\/strong>: Il utilise des c\u00e2bles synth\u00e9tiques ou des fils d'acier sous tension. Les c\u00e2bles s'\u00e9tirent selon un angle (environ 30-45\u00b0) et s'ancrent dans le fond marin. Ils cr\u00e9ent une force de rappel gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur \u00e9lasticit\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pour<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u00e9cessite moins d'espace dans les fonds marins.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meilleure stabilit\u00e9 et r\u00e9ponse plus rapide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Id\u00e9al pour les eaux plus profondes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cons<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Co\u00fbt d'installation plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les ancrages doivent supporter des charges verticales et horizontales.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les mat\u00e9riaux peuvent s'user sous l'effet de la tension et des vagues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Meilleur pour<\/strong>: Eaux moyennes \u00e0 profondes (100-250 m\u00e8tres).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 Syst\u00e8me d'amarrage \u00e0 pattes tendues (TLP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Comment \u00e7a marche<\/strong>: Les TLP utilisent des tendons verticaux en acier ou en fibre, tendus entre la structure flottante et des ancres sur le fond marin. Cette conception emp\u00eache la plate-forme de se d\u00e9placer vers le haut ou vers le bas et limite la d\u00e9rive horizontale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pour<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tr\u00e8s stable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excellent contr\u00f4le des mouvements (pas de tangage, de roulis ou de soul\u00e8vement).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Id\u00e9al pour les plates-formes p\u00e9troli\u00e8res ou gazi\u00e8res en eaux profondes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cons<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tr\u00e8s cher.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Difficile \u00e0 installer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plus rigide et plus sensible aux conditions de mer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Meilleur pour<\/strong>: Eaux profondes (plus de 250 m\u00e8tres).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Comparaison c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Type d'amarrage<\/th><th>Source de force<\/th><th>Angle de la ligne \/ Disposition<\/th><th>Profondeur de l'eau<\/th><th>Pour<\/th><th>Cons<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cat\u00e9naire<\/td><td>Poids de la cha\u00eene<\/td><td>Presque horizontal, repose sur le fond marin<\/td><td>Peu profond (&lt;100 m)<\/td><td>Peu co\u00fbteux, facile \u00e0 installer<\/td><td>Prend de la place, moins stable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jambe tendue<\/td><td>Tension de la corde<\/td><td>Angle de 30\u00b0-45\u00b0, la corde reste en dehors du fond marin<\/td><td>Moyen (100-250 m)<\/td><td>Faible encombrement, pr\u00eat pour l'eau profonde<\/td><td>Co\u00fbt plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, force d'ancrage n\u00e9cessaire<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tension-Jambes (TLP)<\/td><td>Tension verticale<\/td><td>Lignes verticales droites<\/td><td>Profonde (&gt;250 m)<\/td><td>Extr\u00eamement stable, pas de d\u00e9rive<\/td><td>Co\u00fbteux, installation complexe<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Applications dans le monde r\u00e9el<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hywind Tampen<\/strong> (Norv\u00e8ge) utilise un <strong>Cat\u00e9naire<\/strong> pour les \u00e9oliennes flottantes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Plateformes p\u00e9troli\u00e8res et gazi\u00e8res<\/strong> utilisent souvent <strong>Tension-Jambes<\/strong> l'amarrage pour les op\u00e9rations en eaux profondes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nombreux <strong>\u00e9olien en mer<\/strong> Les projets en eaux profondes choisissent maintenant <strong>Jambe tendue<\/strong> afin d'\u00e9conomiser de l'espace et d'am\u00e9liorer la stabilit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque syst\u00e8me r\u00e9pond \u00e0 des besoins diff\u00e9rents en fonction de la profondeur de l'eau, des conditions du fond marin, du type de structure et du budget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque type d'amarrage a ses propres atouts :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cat\u00e9naire<\/strong> est rentable et convient parfaitement aux eaux peu profondes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jambe tendue<\/strong> permet de mieux contr\u00f4ler les zones plus profondes avec moins d'espace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tension-Jambes<\/strong> offre le meilleur contr\u00f4le des mouvements, mais son prix est \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le choix du bon syst\u00e8me d'amarrage d\u00e9pend de l'emplacement de votre projet, de la profondeur de l'eau, du type de plateforme et du budget. Avec l'\u00e9mergence de nouveaux projets d'\u00e9oliennes flottantes et d'\u00e9nergie offshore, il est plus important que jamais de faire des choix judicieux en mati\u00e8re d'amarrage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/fr\/contact-us\/\" style=\"background-color:#035584\">demande de renseignements ou de consultation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction Mooring systems help keep floating structures like offshore wind turbines, oil rigs, and floating storage units (FPSOs) in place. They use chains, ropes, and<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What are the three types of mooring? - SunHelm Marine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/fr\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are the three types of mooring?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1. Introduction Mooring systems help keep floating structures like offshore wind turbines, oil rigs, and floating storage units (FPSOs) in place. They use chains, ropes, and [\u2026]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/fr\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SunHelm Marine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/marine.sunhelm.9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-29T09:10:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-21T01:23:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Marine-Mooring-Bollards1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"695\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sunhelm\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sunhelm\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sunhelm\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d06065a1d8c51ab3c2319d76f8340368\"},\"headline\":\"What are the three types of mooring?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-29T09:10:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-21T01:23:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/\"},\"wordCount\":594,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Marine-Mooring-Bollards1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News&amp;Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-are-the-three-types-of-mooring\/\",\"name\":\"What are the three types of mooring? 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Introduction Mooring systems help keep floating structures like offshore wind turbines, oil rigs, and floating storage units (FPSOs) in place. 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