{"id":56429,"date":"2025-08-06T15:54:25","date_gmt":"2025-08-06T07:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/?p=56429"},"modified":"2026-04-21T01:19:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T01:19:15","slug":"what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/id\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/","title":{"rendered":"Persiapan apa yang diperlukan sebelum operasi kapal-ke-kapal?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Operasi STS bersifat kompleks dan berisiko<\/strong>. Panduan ini menunjukkan langkah-langkah yang jelas untuk mempersiapkan diri dengan baik sebelum Anda memulai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Pendahuluan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Transfer dari kapal ke kapal<\/strong> terjadi ketika dua kapal bekerja berdampingan untuk memindahkan kargo. Orang sering menggunakan STS di laut untuk memindahkan bahan bakar, minyak, atau bahan kimia antar kapal. Operasi ini memiliki risiko: kerusakan lambung kapal, kebocoran, tumpahan, dan tabrakan. Persiapan yang baik membantu Anda tetap aman dan mengikuti peraturan seperti<strong> SOLAS<\/strong>,<strong> MARPOL<\/strong>, <strong>OCIMF<\/strong>, dan<strong> ISGOTT<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"886\" height=\"961\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Floating-Pneumatic-Fender-1.png\" alt=\"pneumatic fenders use in ship to ship\" class=\"wp-image-54506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Floating-Pneumatic-Fender-1.png 886w, https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Floating-Pneumatic-Fender-1-277x300.png 277w, https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Floating-Pneumatic-Fender-1-768x833.png 768w, https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Floating-Pneumatic-Fender-1-69x75.png 69w, https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Floating-Pneumatic-Fender-1-480x521.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:886px) 100vw, 886px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Uji Tuntas &amp; Perencanaan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nominasikan kedua kapal dan ajukan izin kepabeanan lebih awal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tunjuk seorang Pengawas POAC atau STS yang berkualifikasi untuk mengawasi operasi. Anda juga dapat menugaskan dua orang untuk menjalankan tugas 24\/7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kaji risiko dan pilihlah area perairan yang tenang dan dalam dengan ruang laut yang luas dan lalu lintas kapal yang rendah.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kirimkan pemberitahuan 48 jam sebelumnya kepada otoritas pesisir jika Anda beroperasi di dalam zona laut negara bagian pesisir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buatlah Rencana Operasi Bersama (JPO) yang menguraikan siapa yang melakukan apa dan bagaimana Anda akan berkomunikasi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Dokumen &amp; Cek Standar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Memastikan kedua kapal memiliki rencana operasi STS yang disetujui oleh negara bendera dan dimasukkan ke dalam sistem manajemen keselamatan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gunakan daftar periksa OCIMF dan ICS\/STIGTTO serta panduan ISGOTT untuk memverifikasi kesiapan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bagikan rencana tertulis: komunikasi, prosedur darurat, daftar periksa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Peralatan &amp; Perangkat - termasuk Spatbor Pneumatik dan Berisi Busa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tinjau spesifikasi kapal: balok, perbedaan freeboard, tata letak tangki, posisi manifold.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/id\/floating-pneumatic-fenders\/pneumatic-fender\/\">Fender pneumatik<\/a><\/strong>: Ini adalah fender yang tepat untuk transfer STS. Mereka menyerap energi yang sangat besar dan memberikan gaya reaksi yang rendah. Mereka mematuhi <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/59873.html\">ISO 17357<\/a><\/strong> dan bekerja dengan baik ketika kapal menabrak hingga sudut 15\u00b0. Anda biasanya menggunakan 4-6 fender pneumatik primer di setiap sisi kapal, ditambah 2-3 fender sekunder di haluan\/buritan sebagai cadangan. Fender ini menyerap 5.000-6.000 kJ dalam kondisi kasar dan tetap menjaga kapal tetap terpisah meskipun dengan defleksi yang tinggi.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Simpan pada tekanan 20-30 kPa bahkan saat tidak digunakan, untuk mencegah lipatan atau kerusakan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anda harus mempensiunkan mereka setelah sekitar 10-15 tahun masa kerja.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/id\/floating-pneumatic-fenders\/foam-filled-fender\/\">Fender berisi busa<\/a><\/strong>: Spatbor ini berinti busa padat, dilapisi dengan poliuretan dan nilon\/Kevlar. Spatbor ini tidak pernah kempis, hanya membutuhkan sedikit perawatan, dan menyerap energi dengan baik di lingkungan yang tenang.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mereka merupakan unit sekunder atau unit darurat yang baik, tetapi mereka kurang tahan terhadap benturan yang berat atau berulang-ulang. Mereka juga mengalami degradasi jika sering ditekan. Untuk STS, gunakan hanya sebagai cadangan dalam kondisi ringan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hubungkan semua selang dan pipa: verifikasi kompatibilitas produk, radius tekukan selang, dan pengujian tekanan pihak ketiga sesuai <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/organization\/9690.html\">OCIMF<\/a> standar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Siapkan tali tambat dan perlengkapan: gunakan chock tertutup yang kuat, pasang ekor tali (\u2265 11 m) pada tali sintetis untuk elastisitas dan pemotongan darurat, dan tambahkan pelindung lecet jika diperlukan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Peran Komunikasi &amp; Personalia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Konfirmasikan bahasa dan protokol di antara para master, tim dek, dan supervisor STS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Memperbaiki frekuensi saluran dan daftar kontak darurat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pastikan setiap shift mengetahui tanggung jawabnya, dan merangkap peran penting jika operasi berjalan di malam hari.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Fase Pendekatan &amp; Penambatan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pertahankan kecepatan pendekatan pada ~ 5-6 knot. Jaga sudut di bawah 15 derajat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beroperasi hanya pada angin di bawah ~30 knot dan ombak di bawah ~3 m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pastikan setidaknya 10 mil laut bersih dari rintangan dan lalu lintas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kerjakan daftar periksa tambat selangkah demi selangkah: pemasangan fender, tegangan tali, jarak yang diperlukan, jarak antar lambung kapal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Transfer Pra-Kargo &amp; Kesiapan Darurat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pastikan kedua kapal sudah siap: selang, pompa, keseimbangan gas, komunikasi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pastikan APD, peralatan tumpahan, sistem kebakaran, dan alarm tersedia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Latihlah latihan mematikan mesin dalam keadaan darurat dan tentukan prosedur pemisahan atau tumpahan yang jelas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Pemantauan Transfer Aktif<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Periksa level gas, tekanan, dan komunikasi secara teratur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ikuti standar SMS, ISGOTT, OSPEP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Segera hentikan operasi jika angin atau ombak melebihi batas, peralatan rusak, atau keselamatan terancam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Akhir Operasi &amp; Catatan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Selesaikan daftar periksa terakhir sebelum melepas tambatan dan spatbor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arsipkan catatan pemindahan, analisis bahaya, dan daftar periksa selama minimal 3 tahun.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tinjau pelajaran yang didapat dan masukkan kembali ke dalam sistem manajemen keselamatan kapal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Kesimpulan &amp; Saran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Persiapan menyelamatkan nyawa, melindungi lingkungan, dan mencegah kerusakan peralatan. Latihlah kru sesering mungkin, perbaharui rencana, perbarui peralatan, dan selalu ikuti standar global dan industri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PERTANYAAN YANG SERING DIAJUKAN<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T: Mengapa kami menggunakan 4-6 spatbor pneumatik untuk perlindungan utama?<\/strong><br>J: Karena mereka menyerap energi tinggi secara merata dan menjaga lambung kapal tetap terpisah bahkan selama penyimpangan sudut atau gerakan kapal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T: Haruskah <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/id\/floating-pneumatic-fenders\/pneumatic-fender\/\">fender pneumatik<\/a> tetap sedikit mengembang bahkan selama penyimpanan?<\/strong><br>J: Ya. Simpan pada tekanan 20-30 kPa untuk menghindari lipatan, kusut, atau kerusakan selama penyimpanan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T: Bisa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/id\/floating-pneumatic-fenders\/foam-filled-fender\/\">fender berisi busa<\/a> sepenuhnya menggantikan jenis pneumatik?<\/strong><br>J: Tidak. Spatbor busa tidak mengempis dan harganya lebih murah, tetapi tidak dapat meredam guncangan dengan baik dan mengalami degradasi akibat tekanan yang berulang-ulang. Gunakan hanya sebagai cadangan dalam kondisi tenang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T: Berapa lama fender pneumatik harus bertahan?<\/strong><br>J: Biasanya 10-15 tahun dalam layanan STS. Setelah itu, performa akan menurun dan risiko kegagalan meningkat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T: Apakah spatbor sekunder selalu diperlukan?<\/strong><br>J: Ya-terutama di haluan dan buritan. Fender sekunder mencegah kerusakan akibat kontak offset selama tahap docking, pendekatan, dan pelepasan.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>STS operations are complex and risky. This guide shows clear steps to prepare well before you start. 1. Introduction Ship\u2011to\u2011ship transfers happen when two vessels work<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":55528,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What preparations are needed before ship-to-ship operations? - SunHelm Marine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to prepare for safe and smooth ship to ship operations with clear steps, expert tips, and essential fender choices.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/id\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What preparations are needed before ship-to-ship operations?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how to prepare for safe and smooth ship to ship operations with clear steps, expert tips, and essential fender choices.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/id\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SunHelm Marine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/marine.sunhelm.9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-06T07:54:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-21T01:19:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Sunhelm-sts-pneumatic-fenders.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1309\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"792\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sunhelm\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Ditulis oleh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sunhelm\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimasi waktu membaca\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 menit\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sunhelm\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d06065a1d8c51ab3c2319d76f8340368\"},\"headline\":\"What preparations are needed before ship-to-ship operations?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-06T07:54:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-21T01:19:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/\"},\"wordCount\":787,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Sunhelm-sts-pneumatic-fenders.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"News&amp;Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sunhelmmarine.com\/what-preparations-are-needed-before-ship-to-ship-operations\/\",\"name\":\"What preparations are needed before ship-to-ship operations? 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