Pendahuluan
Pneumatic rubber fenders are widely used to protect ships, docks, and offshore structures during berthing operations. They work by using compressed air inside a rubber body to absorb impact energy and reduce the force transferred to vessels and port structures.
Most pneumatic fenders are manufactured according to ISO 17357, with common initial pressures of 50 kPa or 80 kPa, depending on energy absorption requirements.
Correct installation is critical. A poorly installed fender can reduce protection, increase wear, and even create safety risks. This guide explains how to install pneumatic rubber fenders safely and correctly.
Where Pneumatic Rubber Fenders Are Installed
Pneumatic fenders are commonly used in:
- Operasi antar-kapal
- Ship-to-quay berthing
- Anjungan lepas pantai
- Large tanker and LNG terminals
These fenders are designed to handle high energy impacts while keeping hull pressure low.
Pre-Installation Preparation
1. Inspect the Fender
Before installation, check:
- Surface damage or cuts
- Kondisi katup
- Air pressure level
Pneumatic fenders must operate within their designed pressure range. Too much or too little pressure reduces performance and may cause failure.
2. Prepare Installation Equipment
Common tools include:
- Chains or mooring ropes
- Shackles and swivels
- Pressure gauge
- Air compressor with dry air system
Most fenders are designed with flanges or lifting points to allow safe connection to chains or cables.
Step-by-Step Pneumatic Fender Installation
Step 1 — Check Installation Area
- Remove sharp objects and welding burrs
- Check dock or ship structure strength
- Confirm lifting path is safe
Sharp edges can cut rubber and shorten fender life.
Step 2 — Position the Fender
- Align fender height with ship contact area
- Confirm spacing between multiple fenders
- Ensure free floating movement if required
If the fender is installed too high or too low, it cannot absorb energy properly.
Step 3 — Inflate the Fender
- Follow nameplate pressure instructions
- Mengembang perlahan
- Recheck pressure after stabilization
Most pneumatic fenders use standard initial pressures of 50 kPa or 80 kPa.
Under-inflation reduces elasticity. Over-inflation increases burst risk.
Step 4 — Install Chains or Ropes
- Connect to tire net, chain net, or lifting lugs
- Adjust chain length carefully
- Prevent fender tilting
Chains that are too long can cause unstable force distribution and damage.
Step 5 — Final Inspection
Before operation, check:
- Chain tension and angle
- Fender alignment
- Tekanan udara
- Valve sealing
- Visible damage
Final inspection ensures safe long-term operation.
Key Technical Installation Tips
Maintain Correct Pressure
Pressure directly affects energy absorption performance and reaction force.
Control Chain Length
Proper chain length keeps the fender stable and evenly loaded.
Avoid Sharp Contact
Rubber fenders must never touch sharp steel edges or welding points.
Follow ISO Standards
Most modern pneumatic fenders follow ISO 17357 performance and testing rules.
Safety Precautions During Installation
- Never lift using the rubber body
- Use protective padding during transport
- Use correct lifting points
- Keep workers clear of suspended loads
Pneumatic fenders are large and heavy, so safe handling is essential.
Maintenance After Installation
Good maintenance extends service life:
- Check pressure regularly
- Inspect chains and shackles
- Check rubber surface condition
- Inspect after heavy berthing operations
Kesimpulan
Proper installation of pneumatic rubber fenders is essential for safe berthing and long service life. By following correct pressure settings, chain adjustment, and installation alignment, operators can maximize protection and reduce maintenance costs.
Always follow manufacturer manuals and ISO standards for best results.
FAQ Section
1. What is the standard pressure for pneumatic rubber fenders?
Most pneumatic fenders use 50 kPa or 80 kPa initial pressure depending on performance needs.
2. Why is correct chain length important?
Incorrect chain length can cause fender tilting and uneven load distribution, which may damage the fender or vessel.
3. Can pneumatic fenders touch sharp steel surfaces?
No. Sharp edges can cut rubber and cause air leakage or structural failure.
4. How often should pneumatic fenders be inspected?
Pressure and surface condition should be checked regularly, especially after heavy berthing operations.
5. What standards apply to pneumatic rubber fenders?
Most modern pneumatic fenders follow ISO 17357, which covers design, pressure, testing, and performance requirements.